pentanone

Pentanone is a term that refers to any ketone containing five carbon atoms in the main carbon skeleton. There are two constitutional isomers: pentan-2-one (commonly called 2-pentanone; also known as methyl propyl ketone) and pentan-3-one (commonly called 3-pentanone; also known as diethyl ketone). In pentan-2-one, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a methyl and a propyl group; in pentan-3-one, the carbonyl is flanked by two ethyl groups.

Production and applications are centered on their role as solvents and intermediates in organic synthesis. Each can be formed by oxidation of the corresponding secondary alcohol: 2-pentanol yields 2-pentanone, and 3-pentanol yields 3-pentanone. They are used as solvents in coatings, fragrances, and pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing, and may appear as intermediates in various synthetic routes.

Physical properties are similar to other small ketones. Both isomers are colorless liquids at room temperature with characteristic ketone odors. They are relatively miscible with many organic solvents but have limited solubility in water. Their volatility and solvent properties underpin their use in industrial processes.

Safety and handling follow standard precautions for volatile organic solvents. They are flammable and can cause irritation to the eyes and skin; inhalation may be harmful. They should be stored in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and oxidizers, with appropriate containment to prevent environmental release.

Reactivity follows typical carbonyl chemistry: they undergo nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl, formation of enolates under basic conditions, and reduction to the corresponding secondary alcohols.