penolakan

Penolakan is a noun in Indonesian and Malay that refers to the act or instance of rejecting, refusing, or denying acceptance of something proposed, requested, or alleged. It covers a range of responses from a simple refusal to a formal denial, depending on the context. The term is formed from the verb menolak (to reject) with the nominalizing suffix -an and the prefix pe-.

Etymology and related forms: Penolakan is derived from menolak, with the agentive or abstract noun form produced by pe- and -an. Related terms include penolak, meaning a person who rejects, and penyangkalan, which conveys denial or refutation of a statement or accusation, rather than a refusal of a request or claim.

Usage and contexts: Penolakan appears in administrative, legal, political, and everyday language. In administrative settings, a request or application may be met with penolakan, often accompanied by reasons. In legal contexts, authorities may issue a decision of penolakan regarding claims, appeals, or charges. In politics and public discourse, parties or officials may express penolakan to a policy, proposal, or change. In everyday speech, penolakan can reflect personal disagreement or unwillingness to participate.

Reasons and processes: Common reasons for penolakan include noncompliance with requirements, insufficient evidence, conflicts with laws or policies, lack of feasibility, or misalignment with priorities. Depending on the jurisdiction and context, the decision may be open to appeal, reconsideration, or formal challenge to ensure due process or further review.

See also: tolak, penolak, penyangkalan, refusals in administrative and legal contexts.