pee

Pee, or urine, is a liquid waste product produced by the kidneys as they filter blood. It contains water and dissolved substances such as urea, electrolytes, creatinine, and various metabolites that the body eliminates.

Urine is formed in the kidneys through nephrons, moves from the kidneys into the urinary tract via the ureters, is stored in the bladder, and is expelled through the urethra during urination. In a healthy adult, urine production typically ranges from about 0.5 to 2.0 liters per day, depending on fluid intake, kidney function, and other factors.

Normal urine is usually pale yellow and sterile under normal conditions. Its color and clarity can change with hydration level, diet, medications, and certain medical conditions. Typical urine composition includes water (about 95%), urea, creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. The pH generally ranges from about 4.5 to 8, and the specific gravity is usually between 1.005 and 1.030.

Urinalysis can detect abnormalities such as infection, dehydration, kidney disease, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Common variations include polyuria (high volume), oliguria (low volume), and anuria (little or no urine). Normal urine is typically free of bacteria, although contamination can occur during collection. Persistent changes in frequency, color, odor, or discomfort during urination warrant medical evaluation.