pedestrianisation

Pedestrianisation is the process of redesigning streets or districts to prioritize pedestrian mobility, typically by restricting or removing motor vehicle access. It is implemented through measures such as permanent car-free zones, pedestrian precincts where general traffic is excluded but deliveries and emergencies may be allowed, timed closures or road-diet schemes, and the installation of barriers or bollards to deter through traffic.

Approaches vary by city and context. Car-free zones may cover all streets in a district, while pedestrian precincts focus on shopping or cultural streets. Seasonal or temporary closures are also used to test outcomes. Some plans combine pedestrianisation with traffic calming, cycling improvements, and enhanced public transport to maintain accessibility.

The concept emerged in the 20th century as part of broader efforts to create human-scale, walkable cities. It gained prominence in Europe from the 1950s onward, with influential examples such as the Strøget in Copenhagen and pedestrianised areas in Ghent and Groningen, and has since spread to cities worldwide.

Benefits frequently cited include reduced traffic accidents, lower noise and air pollution, increased footfall for businesses, more public space for social interaction, and better accessibility for pedestrians and cyclists. On the other hand, criticisms focus on potential disruption to motorists and businesses, traffic displacement to surrounding streets, and concerns about accessibility for people with limited mobility or who rely on cars. Effective pedestrianisation often requires accompanying investments in public transport, cycling networks, curb management, and delivery arrangements.