patologice

Patologice, in medical Romanian usage, refers to pathologies or pathological conditions—disease states characterized by structural or functional abnormalities. The term derives from Greek pathos and logos and is commonly translated as pathologies in English.

In medicine, pathology is the study of causes, mechanisms, and effects of disease. It encompasses the examination of tissues, cells, and body fluids to detect abnormal changes and to establish diagnoses. The field includes several subdisciplines: anatomical pathology (histopathology, surgical pathology, cytology), clinical pathology (laboratory medicine such as hematology, clinical chemistry, microbiology), and molecular pathology (genetic and molecular alterations underlying disease). Subspecialties include neuropathology, dermatopathology, and forensic pathology.

Pathologies are often classified by etiology and morphology. Broad categories include congenital versus acquired conditions; inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic, infectious, metabolic, vascular, traumatic, and toxic processes. Descriptions of pathological states typically focus on structural changes in tissues (lesions), functional disturbances, or both. The study of pathology informs clinical decision-making by confirming diagnoses, determining disease extent and activity, and guiding treatment and prognosis.

The term patologic or pathological is used across languages to describe abnormal findings, disease-related changes, or malfunctioning systems. While some diseases have well-defined pathologies, many conditions involve overlapping mechanisms, requiring multidisciplinary assessment that integrates clinical observations with laboratory and microscopic evidence.