participiului

Participiului is the genitive/dative singular of the Romanian noun participiu, which refers to the grammatical category commonly known as the participle. In Romanian grammar, participiu denotes a non-finite verb form that can function as an adjective or a noun and is traditionally described in two main types: participiul prezent and participiul trecut.

Participiul trecut (the past participle) is used to express completed actions and participates in compound tenses or passive constructions with auxiliary verbs. It also agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number when used as an adjective. A typical example is scris, with feminine agreement as scrisă: cartea scrisă de autor (the book written by the author). The past participle also forms the passive voice in sentences like Cartea este scrisă (The book is written).

Participiul prezent (the present participle) has a more limited role in contemporary Romanian and is often encountered in more formal or older texts. When it appears, it generally serves an adjectival or nominalizing function, conveying ongoing action or a state related to the noun it modifies. In modern usage, Romanian more frequently relies on other constructions or derived adjectives to express these nuances.

Declension and agreement follow the pattern of other nominal forms in Romanian. The participiu as a noun is masculine, with genitive/dative singular participiului and genitive/dative plural participiilor. The term participiului thus also appears in grammatical discussions and in phrases identifying different participles, for example participiului trecut or participiului prezent.

See also: participiu, verb, gramatica limbii române.