parapluies

Parapluies are portable canopies used to shield a person from rain or sun. A parapluie typically features a fabric canopy stretched over a folding or rigid frame, mounted on a shaft with a handle. The word parapluie comes from French, from para- shield and pluie rain; in English the equivalent is umbrella, while parapluies is the plural in French and commonly understood in Francophone contexts.

Origins of protective canopies appear in several ancient cultures, using wood or bamboo ribs with fabric, oiled paper, or lacquer. Folding models began to appear in Europe in the late medieval period, and the umbrella was popularized in Britain in the 18th century by Jonas Hanway. In the 19th century, metal ribs and factory production made umbrellas more durable and affordable.

Modern parapluies use synthetic canopies such as nylon or polyester, with frames of steel, aluminum, or fiberglass. Designs include windproof joints, vented canopies, and telescoping shafts; some offer automatic opening and closing. Variants range from standard rain umbrellas to compact travel models and sun parasols.

Parapluies are common worldwide and serve practical, fashion, and cultural roles. They are produced in a wide range of sizes, colors, and prices, from inexpensive mass-market models to designer versions.