paraffinen

Paraffinen, or paraffins, are a family of saturated hydrocarbons known as alkanes and the paraffin waxes derived from them. In chemistry, paraffins are alkanes with single bonds and general formula CnH2n+2. In the petroleum industry, the term commonly covers long-chain alkanes that occur in crude oil and are refined into waxes and fuels. The name paraffin wax refers specifically to the solid, wax-like fraction produced from long-chain paraffins.

Paraffins exist as straight-chain (n-alkanes) and branched isomers. In paraffin wax, the material is predominantly long-chain alkanes, typically with carbon numbers around C20 to C40. The wax is solid at room temperature and melts upon heating; its melting point depends on chain length and composition.

Production and processing: Paraffins are refined from crude oil through distillation and subsequent purification. Wax fractions are often separated by dewaxing or solvent precipitation and are refined to improve texture and color. The term also covers liquid paraffin (mineral oil), a low-viscosity hydrocarbon used as a solvent, lubricant, or medicinal laxative in some contexts.

Uses: Paraffin wax is widely used in candles, cosmetics (lip balms, creams), coatings and packaging, and as a protective sealant or insulation in electrical components. Liquid paraffin finds uses in cosmetics, industrial lubrication, and various manufacturing applications.

Safety and environment: Paraffins are relatively chemically inert but combustion products from burning paraffin-based fuels can include carbon monoxide and particulates. Exposure to hot wax can cause burns. Paraffins are derived from fossil fuels; their production and use have environmental implications related to resource depletion and greenhouse gas emissions. Waste and spills are managed under standard hydrocarbon handling regulations.