paracentézis

Paracentesis is a medical procedure that involves the withdrawal of fluid from a body cavity. The most common site for paracentesis is the abdominal cavity, known as diagnostic or therapeutic abdominal paracentesis. This procedure is performed to remove ascites, which is the accumulation of excess fluid in the abdomen. Ascites can be caused by various conditions, most commonly cirrhosis of the liver, but also heart failure, kidney disease, pancreatitis, and certain cancers.

The procedure is typically performed under sterile conditions. After local anesthesia is applied to the skin, a needle or catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity, usually in the lower abdomen. Once the needle or catheter is in place, fluid can be withdrawn. The amount of fluid removed depends on the purpose of the paracentesis. If it is diagnostic, a small amount is collected for laboratory analysis to determine the cause of the ascites. If it is therapeutic, a larger volume is removed to alleviate symptoms such as abdominal distension, pain, and shortness of breath.

Complications from paracentesis are generally rare but can include bleeding, infection, or leakage of fluid from the puncture site. In some cases, a temporary drop in blood pressure can occur after large volume fluid removal. Paracentesis is a valuable tool for both diagnosing the cause of ascites and providing symptomatic relief for patients experiencing its effects.