pajzsmirigygyulladás

Pajzsmirigygyulladás, also known as thyroiditis, refers to a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the thyroid gland. The thyroid, a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Inflammation of this gland can disrupt hormone production, leading to various symptoms.

Several types of thyroiditis exist. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in many regions. Subacute thyroiditis is often thought to be caused by a viral infection and typically presents with neck pain and tenderness. Postpartum thyroiditis can occur in women after childbirth and may be temporary or lead to long-term thyroid dysfunction. Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare condition characterized by the replacement of thyroid tissue with fibrous tissue, causing the gland to become hard and fixed.

Symptoms of thyroiditis can vary depending on the specific type and whether hormone production is increased (hyperthyroidism) or decreased (hypothyroidism). Early stages of some types, like subacute thyroiditis, might involve a temporary release of thyroid hormones causing symptoms like rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and weight loss. More commonly, thyroiditis leads to hypothyroidism, with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, and dry skin. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and antibodies, as well as imaging techniques like ultrasound. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the resulting thyroid function, and may involve hormone replacement therapy or medication to manage inflammation.