pacemakerov

A pacemaker is a small, electronic medical device used to help control abnormal heart rhythms. It is implanted under the skin, typically near the collarbone, and consists of a pulse generator connected to one or more leads (thin wires) that extend into the heart. The device monitors the heart's electrical activity and delivers electrical impulses to maintain a regular heartbeat when necessary.

Pacemakers are primarily used to treat bradycardia, a condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate that can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, or fainting. They may also be employed in cases of heart block, where electrical signals are delayed or blocked between the heart’s chambers, or in patients with certain arrhythmias that cause an irregular heartbeat. Modern pacemakers can be programmed to respond to specific heart rhythms, ensuring appropriate pacing while minimizing unnecessary stimulation.

The procedure to implant a pacemaker is typically performed under local anesthesia in an operating room or catheterization lab. A small incision is made near the collarbone, and the pulse generator is inserted under the skin. The leads are threaded through veins into the heart, where they are positioned to deliver pacing impulses effectively. The entire process usually takes about an hour, and patients typically recover within a few days.

Pacemakers require regular follow-up visits to check their function and battery life. Some advanced models allow for remote monitoring, enabling healthcare providers to track heart activity and device performance from a distance. Battery life varies depending on the model and usage but generally lasts between five and ten years. When the battery is depleted, the device can often be replaced with a new pacemaker in a minor surgical procedure.

Complications from pacemaker implantation are rare but may include infection, lead displacement, or blood clots. Patients are advised to avoid activities that could damage the device, such as heavy lifting or direct trauma to the chest. Overall, pacemakers significantly improve quality of life for many individuals with heart rhythm disorders by ensuring proper heart function and reducing symptoms.