pHEffekte
pHEffekte describe how the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution influences the properties and behavior of chemical systems, biological organisms and environmental contexts. The pH value determines protonation states, acid–base equilibria, and consequently solubility, reactivity and stability of species.
In chemistry, pHEffekte determine speciation of polyvalent ions, complex formation, and reaction rates. For example, the
In biology, pH affects enzyme activity, protein folding, and cellular processes. Most enzymes have an optimal
Environmental context: soil pH controls nutrient availability; acid rain lowers pH and can mobilize toxic metals.
Measurement and control: pH is measured with a glass electrode; pH meters are calibrated with buffer solutions.
Applications: pHEffekte are central to water treatment, agriculture, fermentation industries, and medical formulations; understanding pH behavior