pCresol

p-Cresol, also called para-cresol or 4-methylphenol, is an aromatic organic compound in the cresol family. It is one of three isomers of cresol, with the others being o-cresol and m-cresol. Its molecular formula is C7H8O. p-Cresol is typically a colorless to pale yellow liquid that has a distinct, phenolic odor. It is miscible with many organic solvents and has limited water solubility. It occurs naturally in coal tar and wood smoke and is produced industrially as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, resins, fragrances, and pesticides.

Industrial processes for p-cresol production include the refining of coal tar or the methylation and oxidation of phenolic feedstocks; it can also be obtained from lignin-containing materials in some processes. In use, it serves as an intermediate for the synthesis of various chemical products and has applications in disinfection and preservation in some formulations, due to its antimicrobial properties.

Safety and handling: p-Cresol is corrosive and toxic. It can irritate or burn the skin and eyes and may be harmful if inhaled or ingested. It is flammable and should be stored and handled with appropriate personal protective equipment in a well-ventilated area away from oxidizers. Spills should be contained and absorbed, and waste must be disposed of as hazardous chemical waste.

Environmental considerations: p-Cresol can be harmful to aquatic life and should be released to the environment only under proper controls. It is regulated as a hazardous substance in many jurisdictions, with exposure limits set by occupational safety agencies.