põhjavõrgud

Põhjavõrgud refers to a traditional method of fishing used in Estonia and other Baltic Sea coastal regions. It primarily involves the use of long, bottom-set gillnets to catch fish. These nets are anchored to the seabed and allowed to drift or remain stationary. Fish swim into the net and become entangled by their gills. The term "põhjavõrgud" literally translates to "bottom nets" in Estonian, highlighting the specific type of fishing gear employed.

The types of fish caught with põhjavõrgud vary depending on the season, location, and mesh size of the nets. Common catches include species like herring, sprat, cod, and flounder. This method is often used in coastal waters and estuaries. Historically, põhjavõrgud played a significant role in the subsistence and economy of coastal communities, providing a readily available source of protein.

While still practiced, the use of põhjavõrgud, like many traditional fishing methods, faces challenges. These include concerns about bycatch of non-target species, potential impact on fish populations, and competition with more modern and industrial fishing techniques. Regulations and management practices are often in place to ensure the sustainability of this fishing method and the marine environment.