oxydante

Oxydante is a term used in chemistry and related fields to denote an oxidizing agent, a substance that accepts electrons in a redox reaction and thereby facilitates the oxidation of another substance. In French, oxydante is the feminine form of oxydant, and the word is commonly used to describe substances or reagents that drive oxidation processes. Oxidants can be inorganic or organic and operate across different conditions of pH and temperature.

Common examples include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and chlorine dioxide. Oxydants are employed in a wide range of applications, such as chemical synthesis, bleaching, disinfection, and polymerization. In cosmetics, oxidants function as developers in hair coloring and bleaching products, where they enable the color-forming reactions by oxidizing dye precursors.

Mechanistically, oxydants accept electrons from other substances, often through electron transfer or radical pathways, leading to the formation of reduced oxidant species and oxidized products of the substrate. Safety considerations are important: oxidants can be highly reactive and may oxidize organic materials, posing fire, explosion, or corrosion risks if misused or stored improperly. They should be kept away from reducing agents, fuels, and heat sources, and handled with appropriate protective equipment and ventilation.

Regulatory and handling aspects include labeling, storage, and transport requirements that reflect the oxidizing nature of these substances. In consumer products, especially cosmetics and cleaners, product formulations and concentrations are regulated to manage efficacy and safety while minimizing hazards.