owulacja

Ovulation is a critical phase in the menstrual cycle of females, during which an egg is released from one of the ovaries. This process is essential for potential fertilization and subsequent pregnancy. Ovulation typically occurs mid-cycle, around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, but it can vary based on individual menstrual patterns and hormonal fluctuations.

The process of ovulation begins with the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries. One dominant follicle develops, and it produces estrogen, which in turn stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. The surge in LH triggers the release of the egg from the dominant follicle, marking ovulation.

Ovulation is often accompanied by a slight increase in basal body temperature, although this can vary among individuals. Some women may also experience mild cramping or spotting, known as the mid-cycle symptoms. The egg is released into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm if intercourse occurs within the fertile window, which is typically about 24-48 hours before and after ovulation.

After ovulation, the remaining tissue of the dominant follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Progesterone helps prepare the uterine lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone levels and the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstruation.