overshadow

Overshadow is a verb with both literal and figurative uses. Literally, it means to cast a shadow over something, blocking light or sight. Figuratively, it describes a situation in which one person, thing, or event is so prominent or dominant that others become less visible or seem less important. For example, a major discovery can overshadow earlier work, or a tall building can overshadow a smaller neighborhood.

The term derives from the combination of over and shadow, and its figurative sense has been in English since the early modern period. In everyday language, overshadow often carries a negative nuance when describing social or reputational dynamics, implying that attention or recognition has been diverted or diminished by a stronger presence.

Usage and nuance: Overshadow is commonly used to discuss people, achievements, events, or trends. It can describe ongoing dynamics, such as a star athlete whose fame overshadows teammates, or a single news story that overshadows others. In weather or lighting contexts, it remains neutral, as in clouds or structures that overshadow a landscape by lowering light or visibility.

Related terms include outshine, eclipse, obscure, and dwarf. Overshadow shares with these terms the core idea of dominance or obscuration, though each carries its own emphasis. See also related concepts such as prominence, overshadowing effect, and comparative visibility in discourse.