overharmoniske

Overharmoniske, in music theory and acoustics, refers to the higher partials present in the sound of a vibrating object, i.e., the frequencies above the fundamental. In an idealized system such as a perfectly flexible string or air column, these partials form the harmonic series: f_n = n times the fundamental frequency f0, producing harmonics that are exact integer multiples.

In real instruments, the spectrum often includes partials that deviate from exact multiples due to factors such as stiffness, tension, and geometry. When partials align closely with integer multiples, they reinforce the harmonic series and contribute to a clear, musical timbre. When partials diverge from exact multiples, they produce inharmonic overtones, which can give a sound greener or more metallic. The term overharmoniske is sometimes used in Scandinavian literature to describe the higher part of the overtone spectrum, including both harmonics and non-harmonic partials, depending on context.

The presence and relative strength of overharmoniske shape an instrument’s timbre. For example, piano strings exhibit mild inharmonicity, while bells and cymbals often display pronounced non-harmonic partials. Analyzing these partials through spectrum analysis helps explain perceived brightness, warmth, and overall character of a sound.

See also Harmonics, overtone series, inharmonicity.