overhang

Overhang refers to any part of an object that extends beyond its supporting edge or base, creating a projection. The term is used across disciplines to describe structures, natural features, and economic conditions that protrude or extend beyond a point of support.

In architecture and construction, an overhang is a projecting section such as a roof, eave, canopy, or balcony that extends beyond the exterior wall. Overhangs protect walls from rain, provide shade, and influence passive climate control. They are designed with considerations for load, wind, and snow, and can be cantilevered or supported by the building frame.

In geology and geomorphology, rock outcrops or cliff faces can form overhangs when erosion removes material beneath a harder layer, leaving a protruding ledge. Overhangs may host rock shelters or caves and can be unstable, posing rockfall or collapse hazards.

In mining and civil engineering, an overhang may describe an area of rock or soil that remains unsupported ahead of excavation or the portion of a tunnel or cavern that has not yet been stabilized. Such overhangs require careful assessment to prevent collapses and ensure worker safety.

In finance, overhang denotes a condition where potential future actions could alter the value or structure of a financial asset. An equity overhang occurs when outstanding options, warrants, or convertible securities could be exercised, increasing share count. A debt overhang refers to high existing debt that can discourage new investment by absorbing future cash flows.

Overall, overhang conveys a projection beyond a supporting base, with implications for safety, stability, design, and financial dynamics depending on the context.