osteopeniana

Osteopenia is a condition characterized by a lower-than-average bone mineral density. It is considered a precursor to osteoporosis, a more severe form of bone loss. In osteopenia, bones are not as dense or as strong as they should be, increasing the risk of fractures, although this risk is lower than in osteoporosis.

The exact causes of osteopenia are not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to its development. These include aging, genetics, hormonal changes (particularly estrogen loss in women after menopause), nutritional deficiencies (such as low calcium and vitamin D intake), certain medical conditions (like rheumatoid arthritis or hyperthyroidism), and lifestyle choices (such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption).

Diagnosis of osteopenia is typically made through a bone mineral density test, most commonly a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This test measures the density of bones, usually in the hip and spine, and compares it to the bone density of a healthy young adult.

Treatment for osteopenia focuses on preventing further bone loss and reducing fracture risk. This often involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes to ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help slow bone loss or increase bone density. Regular monitoring of bone density may also be recommended.