ortodoksyjne

Ortodoksyjne, also known as Orthodox Christianity, refers to a group of self-governing churches that trace their lineage directly back to the early Christian church established by Jesus Christ and his apostles. The term "Orthodox" itself means "correct belief" or "right glory" in Greek, reflecting the churches' emphasis on preserving the original teachings and traditions of Christianity.

The Orthodox Church's history is deeply intertwined with the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Its theological and liturgical traditions developed over centuries in this cultural context. A significant event in its history was the Great Schism of 1054, which formally divided Eastern Orthodoxy from the Roman Catholic Church. While the split was a gradual process, this date is commonly cited as the definitive separation.

Key characteristics of Orthodox Christianity include a strong emphasis on tradition, the veneration of icons, a rich liturgical life, and a hierarchical structure led by bishops. The Patriarch of Constantinople holds a primacy of honor among Orthodox bishops but does not possess the same universal jurisdiction as the Pope in the Catholic Church. The Orthodox Church is not a single monolithic organization but rather a communion of autocephalous (self-governing) churches, each with its own primate. Major Orthodox churches include the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Patriarchate of Antioch, the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, the Russian Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Romanian Orthodox Church, and the Greek Orthodox Church, among others.