operaatorvõimendeid

Operaatorvõimendid, or operational amplifiers, are fundamental building blocks in analog electronic circuits. They are high-gain, direct-coupled, voltage-amplifying devices. The term "operational" refers to their historical use in analog computers to perform mathematical operations such as integration, differentiation, and summation. An ideal operational amplifier has infinite open-loop gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite bandwidth, and zero voltage offset. Real operational amplifiers approximate these ideal characteristics to varying degrees.

The basic structure of an operational amplifier consists of two inputs, a non-inverting input (marked with a plus sign) and an inverting input (marked with a minus sign), and a single output. The output voltage is proportional to the difference between the voltages at the two input terminals, multiplied by the open-loop gain. Due to their high gain, operational amplifiers are almost always used with negative feedback, which significantly controls the circuit's overall gain and improves linearity. This feedback configuration allows operational amplifiers to be used in a vast array of applications, including amplification, filtering, signal conditioning, and oscillation. They are essential components in audio systems, control systems, instrumentation, and many other electronic devices.