oophorektomi

Oophorectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both ovaries. When both ovaries are removed, the procedure is called a bilateral oophorectomy. Removal of a single ovary is known as a unilateral oophorectomy. This surgery is often performed in conjunction with a hysterectomy, which is the removal of the uterus, but it can also be performed as a standalone procedure.

The primary reasons for an oophorectomy include the treatment or prevention of certain medical conditions. These can include ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In some cases, an oophorectomy may be performed to reduce the risk of developing certain cancers, such as breast cancer, in individuals with a high genetic predisposition, like those with BRCA gene mutations. It can also be a component of gender-affirming surgery.

The removal of the ovaries has significant hormonal implications, as ovaries are responsible for producing estrogen and progesterone. A bilateral oophorectomy leads to immediate surgical menopause, regardless of the patient's age. This can result in symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, and a potential increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy is often considered to manage these menopausal symptoms and mitigate long-term health risks.

The surgical approach for an oophorectomy can be either laparoscopic or open. Laparoscopic surgery involves smaller incisions and often leads to a quicker recovery. An open procedure, involving a larger abdominal incision, may be necessary for more complex cases. Recovery time varies depending on the surgical approach and the individual's overall health.