onychomykoosin

Onychomykoosin, commonly known as a fungal nail infection, is a persistent infection of the fingernails or toenails caused by fungi. The fungi responsible are typically dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds. These microorganisms thrive in warm, moist environments and can infect nails through microscopic breaks in the skin or nail plate.

The appearance of an infected nail can vary. It may become discolored, often turning yellow, brown, or white. The nail can also thicken, become brittle, or develop crumbling edges. In some cases, the nail may separate from the nail bed, a condition known as onycholysis, and can produce an unpleasant odor. Onychomykoosin is more common in toenails than fingernails due to the footwear creating a favorable environment for fungal growth.

Risk factors for developing onychomykoosin include a history of athlete's foot, excessive sweating, wearing tight-fitting shoes, and having a weakened immune system. Older adults are also more susceptible due to reduced circulation and slower nail growth.

Diagnosis is usually made based on the characteristic appearance of the nail, but laboratory tests, such as a nail clipping examination or culture, can confirm the presence of a fungal infection. Treatment options include topical antifungal medications applied directly to the nail, oral antifungal medications, and in severe cases, nail removal. Treatment can be prolonged, often taking several months for a new, healthy nail to grow. Prevention strategies include keeping nails trimmed and clean, wearing breathable footwear, and avoiding walking barefoot in public damp areas.