onguent

Onguent is a semi-solid topical preparation intended for application to the skin or mucous membranes to deliver a therapeutic agent, provide lubrication, or protect and soothe irritated tissue. The term is a variant of the more common "ointment" and is encountered in historical texts and some pharmacopoeias as an alternative spelling.

Composition and forms vary, but onguents are typically oil- or fat-based. Common bases include petrolatum, lanolin, and other waxy or fatty materials, sometimes with emulsifiers to achieve a semi-solid consistency. Medicated unguents contain active ingredients such as antiseptics, antibiotics, analgesics, or anti-inflammatory agents; nonmedicated versions are used for moisturization, protection, or occlusion to trap moisture in the skin.

Uses and applications

Onguents are applied to the skin to treat wounds, burns, dermatitis, or other dermal conditions, and to deliver local therapy. They may also serve cosmetic purposes or act as protective barriers. Their occlusive properties can help retain moisture and improve the penetration of active substances in some formulations.

Preparation and safety

Compounding an onguent involves blending a base with active ingredients under sanitary conditions, with attention to stability and compatibility. Storage typically requires cool, dry conditions in tightly closed containers to prevent contamination and degradation. Users should consider potential skin irritation or allergies and follow regulatory guidance, as medicated unguents may be regulated as drugs or cosmetics depending on jurisdiction and purpose.