ongrid

On-grid, often written as on-grid or grid-tied, refers to a distributed energy system that is connected to the public electricity grid. In solar installations, on-grid systems use photovoltaic panels to generate DC electricity, which is converted to AC by an inverter synchronized with the utility grid. Because the system is connected to the grid, it typically does not include large energy storage; excess generation can be exported to the grid and imports cover shortfalls.

Key components include photovoltaic modules, a grid-tide inverter, electrical interconnection equipment, and a metering arrangement. The connection point to the utility and local safety devices determine how the system interacts with the grid. Interconnection standards and safety requirements govern installation, protection, and return of energy to the network. Net metering or feed-in tariff policies determine how exported electricity is compensated.

Operating characteristics emphasize cost efficiency and simplicity. On-grid systems can reduce electricity bills by offsetting consumption during daylight and may earn credits for surplus energy. They rely on the grid to balance supply and demand, which means they do not provide standalone power during outages unless paired with storage or an alternate islanding solution.

Advantages include lower upfront cost, simplicity, and effective use of existing infrastructure. Limitations involve dependence on grid reliability, lack of power during outages without storage, and variability in compensation policies. Variants such as hybrid or battery-backed systems combine grid connection with storage to provide outage resilience.