oncoplastic

Oncoplastic refers to the field that combines oncologic breast cancer surgery with plastic reconstructive techniques to improve aesthetic outcomes while maintaining oncologic safety. It is applied in breast-conserving therapy and, in some cases, in mastectomy with immediate or delayed reconstruction, and requires multidisciplinary planning.

Techniques are broadly categorized into volume displacement, which reshapes the remaining breast tissue after tumor removal, and volume replacement, which uses tissue from elsewhere or local flaps to restore form. Common methods include glandular rearrangement, tissue advancement, and, in more extensive cases, muscle or perforator flaps such as latissimus dorsi or abdomen-based options.

Indications include lumpectomy for tumors large relative to breast size, tumors in challenging locations, multifocal disease, prior radiation, or cosmetic concerns. When performed by experienced teams, oncoplastic approaches can achieve satisfactory symmetry and preserve breast sensation while maintaining oncologic control; reported outcomes indicate comparable local control to conventional breast-conserving surgery in selected patients.

Care and planning for oncoplastic surgery requires informed consent and close integration of the surgical oncologist and plastic surgeon. Potential risks include wound healing problems, fat necrosis, contour irregularities, and flap complications. Availability and expertise vary by center, and long-term comparative data continue to evolve.