obrácen

Obrácen is a form found in Czech and related Slavic languages that historically signifies something that has been turned, flipped, or reversed. In contemporary standard Czech, the common participle adjective is obrácený, while obrácen appears mainly as an archaic spelling or in contexts where diacritics are omitted.

Etymology and forms

The word derives from the verb ob­­rátit, meaning to turn, twist, invert, or convert. The stem obrácen reflects the past participle pattern commonly found in Slavic languages, but in modern usage the fully inflected form with diacritics (obrácený) is preferred. The non‑diacritic form obrácen is typically encountered in historical texts, older orthography, or typeset material where accents are not used.

Usage and status

Today obrácen is rarely used as a standalone everyday adjective in standard Czech. It is most often encountered in scholarly works discussing historical language, in old translations, or in literary quotes where the diacritic marks were dropped. In modern writing, obrácený or related nouns such as obrácení (reversal, turning) are preferred. The non-diacritic form may also appear in Slovak texts in archaic or stylized contexts, though the standard modern form is obráťený or similar depending on the grammatical gender and case.

Related terms

Related lexemes include obrátit (to turn/reverse), obrácení (reversal, turn), and obrácený (turned, inverted) as the standard modern adjective. The conceptual field covers mechanical inversion, geometric reversal, and metaphorical turning in prose or analysis.

See also

obrátit, obrácení, obrácený

Note: obrácen is not a widely used modern Czech word outside historical or typographical contexts, and its primary relevance today is in linguistic discussion of orthography and old texts.