nozokomiálne

Nozokomálne, a term derived from Greek words meaning "to take into a hospital" and "sick," refers to infections acquired by patients during their stay in a healthcare setting. These infections are not present or incubating in the patient at the time of admission. They can be contracted in hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation facilities, and other healthcare environments.

The prevalence of nozokomálne infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), is a significant concern in global public health. They can affect any part of the body and are often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Common examples include urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections. The microorganisms responsible for these infections are frequently resistant to antibiotics, making them particularly challenging to treat.

Factors contributing to the development of nozokomálne infections include prolonged hospital stays, invasive medical devices such as catheters and ventilators, weakened immune systems of patients, and the close proximity of individuals in healthcare facilities. Transmission can occur through direct contact between patients and healthcare workers, contaminated surfaces, or airborne droplets.

Preventing nozokomálne infections relies heavily on strict adherence to infection control practices. These include thorough hand hygiene by healthcare professionals, proper sterilization of medical equipment, environmental cleaning and disinfection, and the judicious use of antibiotics. Early detection and prompt treatment are also crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality associated with these types of infections.