normocytic

Normocytic is a term used in hematology to describe red blood cells that are normal in size. It is determined by the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measured in a complete blood count, with normal values roughly 80–100 femtoliters in adults. The term is used to distinguish cells that are not smaller (microcytic) or larger (macrocytic) than normal.

Normocytic anemia is the most common pattern of anemia and can arise from several mechanisms. Common causes include acute blood loss, hemolysis, anemia of chronic disease or inflammation, aplastic anemia, and kidney disease. Early iron deficiency or combined deficiencies may appear normocytic. Some chronic conditions, such as hypothyroidism or liver disease, may also be associated with normocytic indices.

Evaluation involves reticulocyte count to assess bone marrow response; iron studies, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity to evaluate iron status; and vitamin B12 and folate as needed. If anemia persists with a normal MCV and a low reticulocyte count, bone marrow suppression or aplasia may be considered. Conversely, a high reticulocyte count suggests a production problem elsewhere or recent blood loss or hemolysis.

Normocytic indices are part of the broader assessment of red blood cell morphology and can change over time with treatment or disease progression. Understanding whether anemia is normocytic helps narrow differential diagnoses and guides diagnostic testing and management.