normalisointi

Normalisointi is the Finnish term for normalization, a broad concept describing the process of bringing something into a standard, typical, or normal condition. It is used across many domains to enable comparison, interoperability, or stability, and can refer to procedures, measurements, or social processes. The term derives from normi, meaning standard or rule.

In data analysis and statistics, normalization refers to scaling values so that they fit a common range or distribution. Common methods include min–max scaling to 0–1, z-score standardization to unit variance, and decimal scaling. The aim is to enable fair comparison and improve algorithm performance, while preserving relative relationships and interpretability where possible.

In database design, database normalization is a systematic process of organizing data into tables to reduce redundancy and update anomalies. It structures attributes and relations into normal forms (such as 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF; higher forms exist as BCNF and beyond). Normalization can improve data integrity but may complicate queries and affect performance.

In signal and image processing, normalization adjusts amplitude or intensity to a standard range or reference level. Audio normalization raises peak levels without clipping; loudness normalization targets perceived loudness. Image normalization adjusts pixel values for consistent brightness and contrast. Normalization supports robust processing and comparison across datasets.

In social and linguistic contexts, normalisation describes making practices, behaviors, or identities appear ordinary or acceptable within a society. It may involve policy, media representation, or changes in norms and institutions. The term is used in discussions of reforms, inclusion, and the integration of previously marginalized groups.