nominales

Nominales is a Spanish term used across disciplines to refer to things that are nominal or function as nouns. In linguistics, a nominal is a word or group of words that can perform the grammatical function of a noun in a sentence. This category includes nouns, pronouns and noun phrases, which can serve as the subject, object or complement of a verb or preposition. Nominals often form a syntagma nominal with determiners and modifiers; in Spanish, they reflect features such as gender and number and may be restricted by agreement with verbs and adjectives.

In linguistic analysis, the nucleus of a nominal is typically the noun, while its modifiers and determiners constitute the rest of the nominal group. Examples in Spanish include el libro viejo, varias ciudades costeras, and aquellos estudiantes aplicados. Nominal phrases vary in complexity from a single noun to extended groups with multiple determiners, adjectives and nested modifiers, and they are central to parsing sentence structure and meaning.

In economics, nominales refer to values stated in current monetary units, not adjusted for inflation. A nominal wage is the amount of money received, without considering changes in purchasing power. The nominal gross domestic product (PIB nominal) uses current prices, whereas the real PIB adjusts for price changes over time. The distinction between nominal and real values is important for evaluating economic trends and purchasing power across periods.

In law, nominal damages are a symbolic remedy acknowledging a legal violation without proving or compensating substantive harm. They demonstrate that a right was violated even when no substantial monetary loss occurred, often accompanied by a small monetary award.