nomenclatuurwijzigingen

Nomenclature, or nomenclatuur in Dutch, is a system for naming and classifying things, with rules to ensure that each name uniquely identifies a taxon, compound, or concept. It operates across disciplines such as biology, chemistry, medicine, and astronomy. In biology, binomial nomenclature assigns two-part Latin names to organisms, e.g., Homo sapiens, with genus capitalized and species lowercase. In chemistry, IUPAC provides systematic names for chemical substances based on structural features. In medicine and anatomy, standardized terms ensure consistent communication.

Standardization is organized through codes and codes of nomenclature. The zoological code (ICZN) governs animal names; the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN, formerly the ICBN) covers those groups; the IUPAC Red Book and related guidelines govern chemical nomenclature. Together, these frameworks promote stability, reproducibility, and global understanding.

Key principles include priority—earliest validly published name generally takes precedence; the type concept—names are anchored to a type specimen or reference; Latinization—names are often Latin or latinized; and universality—names are used worldwide and remain with taxonomic or chemical concept.

The naming process varies by field: species descriptions must be published with a diagnosis or description and a designated type specimen; chemical names follow rules to reflect structure and composition; in all cases, revisions occur when new data prompt reclassification, sometimes leading to synonymy or homonymy.

Nomenclature continues to evolve with scientific advances, digitization, and debates about stability, language, and inclusivity, while aiming to maintain clarity in communication across disciplines.