nitrosoguanidine

Nitrosoguanidine, often abbreviated as NTG, is a chemical compound with the formula CNH5N3O. It is a potent mutagen and carcinogen, meaning it can cause genetic mutations and cancer. NTG is a yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water.

The mechanism by which nitrosoguanidine exerts its mutagenic effects involves its ability to alkylate DNA. Once inside a cell, NTG can react with DNA bases, leading to errors during DNA replication. These errors can result in point mutations, such as base substitutions, or more complex chromosomal aberrations. Due to its ability to induce genetic damage, NTG has been widely used as a tool in scientific research for studying mutagenesis and DNA repair mechanisms.

In the laboratory, NTG is typically synthesized through the reaction of guanidine with nitrous acid. It is important to handle NTG with extreme caution due to its hazardous nature. Appropriate safety measures, including the use of protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area or fume hood, are essential to minimize exposure.

While NTG itself does not have direct therapeutic applications, its study has contributed to a better understanding of cancer development and the design of potential anticancer drugs that target DNA repair pathways. However, its use is primarily confined to research settings due to its significant toxicity.