nitrointi
Nitrointi (nitration) is a chemical reaction that introduces a nitro group (-NO2) into an organic molecule. The most common route for aromatic substrates is electrophilic aromatic substitution, in which the nitronium ion (NO2+) generated from a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid attacks the substrate to form nitroarene derivatives. For aliphatic substrates, nitration can proceed via nitronium salts or strongly acidic systems, producing nitroalkanes or nitroesters under controlled conditions.
Industrial nitrations typically employ a mixed acid system of sulfuric and nitric acids, with reaction temperatures
Nitro compounds have wide applications as intermediates in the manufacture of dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and
Safety and environmental aspects are important: nitration is highly exothermic and can lead to runaway reactions