nitrobenzol

Nitrobenzol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It is a pale yellow, oily liquid with a distinct almond-like odor. Nitrobenzol is an aromatic nitro compound and is the simplest example of this class of chemicals. It is synthesized industrially by the nitration of benzene, a process that involves reacting benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

The primary industrial use of nitrobenzol is as a precursor in the production of aniline. Aniline is a key intermediate in the manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers, particularly polyurethane. The reduction of nitrobenzol to aniline can be achieved through various chemical methods, including catalytic hydrogenation.

Nitrobenzol is toxic and can be absorbed through the skin, by inhalation, or ingestion. Exposure can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced. Symptoms of exposure can include headache, dizziness, nausea, and cyanosis. Due to its toxicity, strict safety precautions are necessary when handling nitrobenzol, including adequate ventilation and the use of personal protective equipment.

While its primary role is as an intermediate, nitrobenzol has also found limited use as a solvent for some resins and oils, and historically as an additive in shoe polishes and as a flavoring agent, though these latter applications are now largely discontinued due to its toxicity.