C6H5NO2

C6H5NO2, commonly called nitrobenzene, is an organic compound in the nitroaromatic family. The molecule consists of a benzene ring bearing a single nitro group (NO2). This substitution gives the compound a polar, electron-withdrawing character and distinguishes it from unsubstituted benzene.

Nitrobenzene is typically a pale yellow to colorless oily liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point near 211 °C and a melting point just above or below 0 °C depending on batches. It is moderately soluble in organic solvents and only sparingly soluble in water. It is relatively stable under ordinary conditions but can decompose when heated strongly or in the presence of reducing agents.

Industrially, nitrobenzene is produced by nitration of benzene with mixed nitric and sulfuric acids. It serves as an important chemical intermediate, most notably as a precursor to aniline (via catalytic hydrogenation), which is a building block for dyes, pigments, rubber chemicals, and some polymers. Nitrobenzene itself is used in the formulation of some solvents and as a laboratory reagent.

Safety and handling: Nitrobenzene is toxic and can cause methemoglobinemia if absorbed or inhaled. It poses hazards to skin and eyes and is flammable. It should be handled in well-ventilated facilities with appropriate protective equipment, stored away from heat and oxidizers, and disposed of as hazardous waste in accordance with regulations. Environmental releases should be minimized to protect aquatic life.