nierównomiern

Nierównomierność, często appearing as nierównomierność in Polish, describes the lack of uniformity of a quantity or field across space, time, or frequency. The term is used across science and engineering to indicate that a property does not remain constant or evenly distributed. In Polish, nierównomiern is not a standard standalone term; it is usually expressed as nierównomierność (nonuniformity) or nierównomierny (nonuniform).

In physical sciences and engineering, nierównomierność refers to spatial or temporal variation of properties such as material density, porosity, temperature, or stress. Such variations influence heat transfer, diffusion, and structural performance and are modeled with field equations that include spatially varying coefficients.

In statistics and probability, nonuniformity denotes a departure from equal likelihood. Real-world data are rarely uniform; distributions can be skewed or heavy-tailed. Measures of nonuniformity include variance, coefficient of variation, entropy, and divergence from a reference distribution.

In signal processing, imaging, and data acquisition, nonuniformity can describe uneven illumination, gain, or sampling. Nonuniform sampling requires reconstruction techniques such as nonuniform fast Fourier transform, while illumination nonuniformity is often corrected by calibration and normalization.

Quantifying nonuniformity supports experimental design, quality control, and simulations. Common tools are moment analysis, spatial autocorrelation, and distributional comparisons using goodness-of-fit tests.