nickelmodified

Nickelmodified is a term used in materials science and catalysis to describe materials in which nickel has been introduced to alter physical, chemical, or electronic properties. Modification can involve nickel atoms substituting into a lattice (doping), nickel-containing surface layers, or deposition of nickel-containing particles onto a substrate. The approach is widespread across ceramics, polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic oxides.

Common preparation methods include impregnation or precipitation of nickel salts followed by heat treatment, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or electroless plating. In some cases nickel ions are coordinated by ligands to facilitate grafting to polymers or organic substrates.

Nickel modification can enhance catalytic activity and selectivity, improve corrosion resistance, alter magnetic or electrical properties, or increase mechanical strength. The effects depend on nickel's oxidation state, particle size, dispersion, and interaction with the host material. Characterization typically involves X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and electrochemical testing.

Applications span catalysis (e.g., hydrocarbon processing and hydrogenation), energy storage and conversion (nickel-containing electrodes and catalysts for fuel cells), and environmental remediation (adsorption of pollutants, redox reactions). In polymers and carbon materials, nickel modification can create active sites or active nanoparticles that influence conductivity and catalytic behavior.

Safety and environmental considerations include potential nickel toxicity and the need for proper handling, waste management, and regulatory compliance.