niacinhiányban

Niacinhiányban, also known as pellagra, is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of niacin, also known as vitamin B3, or its precursor, tryptophan. Niacin is essential for various metabolic processes, including energy production and DNA repair. Without adequate levels, the body's cells cannot function properly, leading to the characteristic symptoms of pellagra.

The disease typically manifests in a symmetrical pattern, affecting the skin, digestive system, and nervous system. The classic triad of symptoms includes dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Skin lesions often appear on sun-exposed areas, presenting as redness, scaling, and blistering. Gastrointestinal disturbances can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a sore tongue. Neurological symptoms may range from lethargy and confusion to more severe manifestations like hallucinations and memory loss.

Pellagra was historically prevalent in populations whose diets relied heavily on corn or other grains that were not fortified with niacin. The processing of corn, particularly through nixtamalization, can make niacin more bioavailable. However, in the absence of such processing or other dietary sources of niacin and tryptophan, deficiency can develop.

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation and dietary history. In some cases, blood tests may be used to assess niacin levels. Treatment involves niacin supplementation, often in high doses, and dietary adjustments to ensure adequate intake of niacin and tryptophan. With prompt treatment, the symptoms of pellagra can be reversed, although long-term neurological damage may be irreversible in severe cases. Prevention is achieved through a balanced diet rich in niacin-containing foods such as meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and fortified grains.