neutrópeníu

Neutropenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that is crucial for fighting bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophils are a key component of the immune system, and their scarcity leaves the body more vulnerable to infections.

There are several causes of neutropenia. It can be congenital, meaning it is present from birth, often due to genetic factors. Acquired neutropenia can develop later in life and can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications, viral infections, autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks neutrophils, bone marrow disorders such as leukemia or aplastic anemia, and severe infections.

Symptoms of neutropenia can vary depending on the severity of the low neutrophil count. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, as the neutrophil count drops, individuals may experience recurrent or severe infections. Common signs of infection include fever, chills, sore throat, mouth sores, diarrhea, and skin infections. If left untreated, neutropenia can lead to life-threatening infections.

Diagnosis of neutropenia is typically made through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the different types of blood cells, including neutrophils. Further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause.

Treatment for neutropenia depends on the cause and severity. For mild cases, observation may be sufficient. In more severe cases, treatment might involve addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing offending medications, treating infections, or managing autoimmune conditions. Growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), may be used to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation might be considered.