neutralleitung

Neutralleitung, also known as the neutral wire or neutral conductor, is a fundamental component in electrical power distribution systems. Its primary function is to provide a return path for electric current in AC (alternating current) circuits. In a typical three-phase Wye (Y) connection, the neutral conductor is connected to the common junction point of the windings. This allows for the balancing of current flow across the phases and ensures that the voltage at the neutral point remains close to ground potential.

Without a neutralleitung, the voltage distribution in an unbalanced three-phase system could become unpredictable and potentially dangerous. The neutral wire plays a crucial role in single-phase loads that are derived from a three-phase supply, such as in many residential and commercial settings. For these loads, one phase conductor and the neutral conductor form a complete circuit. The neutralleitung is typically insulated, though it may be uninsulated in some specific distribution systems. It is crucial that the neutralleitung is properly grounded at the source of power, such as a transformer or generator. This grounding provides a safety measure, ensuring that in case of a fault or insulation breakdown, current has a safe path to flow to the earth, preventing electric shock hazards. The size of the neutralleitung is usually determined by the maximum anticipated unbalanced current it might carry.