neuromodulációval
Neuromodulációval refers to the process by which neurons or neural networks modify their activity through the action of exogenous or endogenous chemical agents, known as neuromodulators. These substances alter the intrinsic excitability of neurons or the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Unlike neurotransmitters, which typically mediate fast, direct synaptic signaling, neuromodulators often act more diffusely and over longer timescales. They can influence a wide range of neuronal functions, including learning, memory, mood, pain perception, and arousal.
Neuromodulators can be released from discrete neuronal populations and act on multiple targets. They can bind
The effects of neuromodulation are context-dependent and can significantly impact behavior. For instance, the level of