nettverksmodell

A nettverksmodell, or network model, is a conceptual framework used to describe the structure and function of a communication network. These models break down the complex process of network communication into a series of distinct layers, each responsible for a specific set of tasks. By segmenting the overall process, network models simplify the design, implementation, and troubleshooting of networking protocols and hardware.

The most widely recognized network model is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. It comprises seven layers: the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. Each layer interacts only with the layers directly above and below it, passing data up or down as needed. The physical layer deals with the physical transmission of data, while the application layer handles user-facing network services.

Another influential model is the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model, which is more practical and forms the basis of the internet. It typically includes four or five layers, often described as the link layer, internet layer, transport layer, and application layer. The TCP/IP model is less granular than OSI but effectively achieves the same goal of standardizing network communication.

Network models provide a common language and understanding for network professionals, enabling interoperability between different vendors' equipment and software. They are essential tools for teaching, learning, and developing network technologies.