nepetalactone

Nepetalactone is a monoterpene organic compound found in plants of the genus Nepeta, most notably in catnip (Nepeta cataria). It is the primary active ingredient responsible for the characteristic effect catnip has on felines, inducing a euphoric state. Nepetalactone exists as two stereoisomers, cis- and trans-nepetalactone, with the cis isomer generally considered to be the more potent attractant for cats.

The mechanism by which nepetalactone affects cats involves its interaction with olfactory receptors. When cats inhale nepetalactone, it binds to specialized receptors in their nasal passages. This binding triggers a neurological response that leads to a cascade of behavioral changes, including rolling, rubbing, drooling, and vocalization. This response is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation, possibly serving to deter insects or to promote social bonding within cat populations.

While its most famous effect is on cats, nepetalactone has also been investigated for other properties. It has shown repellent activity against certain insects, such as mosquitoes and cockroaches, suggesting potential applications in natural pest control. Research into its medicinal properties is ongoing, with some studies exploring its potential anti-inflammatory or analgesic effects, though these are not yet established. The synthesis and extraction of nepetalactone are areas of interest for both academic research and commercial purposes related to pet products and natural repellents.