nematicide

Nematicide is a pesticide designed to kill or suppress nematodes, including plant-parasitic species that attack roots and tubers. They are used in agriculture, horticulture, and turf management to protect crops and improve yields. Applications include soil treatment before planting, seed coatings, and injections in nursery settings.

Nematicides fall into chemical and biological categories. Chemical nematicides include soil fumigants such as chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene, which volatilize and reduce nematode populations in the soil. Historically, methyl bromide was widely used but has been phased out or restricted for environmental reasons. Nonfumigant chemical nematicides act by contacting or systemically affecting nematodes; examples include certain organophosphates and carbamates, as well as newer compounds such as fluensulfone.

Biological nematicides use living microbes or their products to suppress nematodes. Examples include Bacillus species and the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum, which parasitize eggs or juvenile nematodes, and Trichoderma species that promote plant health and suppress pathogens. Other non-chemical methods such as soil solarization, crop rotation, and resistant varieties are used in integrated pest management to reduce nematode pressure.

Safety and regulation: nematicides can affect non-target soil organisms, groundwater, and beneficial nematodes. They are subject to regulatory controls, labeling, and safe handling requirements. Overreliance can lead to resistance; integrated approaches are recommended to maintain long-term control while protecting ecosystems.