nectin3

Nectin-3, also known as PVRL3 (polio virus receptor-like 3), is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the nectin family of proteins. This family plays a critical role in cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and the formation of tight junctions in epithelial tissues. Nectin-3 is primarily expressed in epithelial cells, particularly in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs, where it contributes to maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function.

Structurally, nectin-3 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain containing three immunoglobulin-like folds. These folds facilitate homophilic binding (binding to the same molecule on adjacent cells) and heterophilic interactions with other nectins and afadin, a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein. This binding promotes the assembly of adherens junctions, which are essential for cell adhesion and signaling.

Genetically, the nectin-3 gene (PVRL3) is located on chromosome 7 in humans and encodes a protein of approximately 550 amino acids. Mutations in the PVRL3 gene have been linked to certain skin disorders, such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a group of blistering skin conditions characterized by fragility and separation of the epidermis. These mutations disrupt the structural or adhesive properties of nectin-3, leading to compromised cell adhesion and tissue stability.

Beyond its role in skin health, nectin-3 has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. It is involved in immune responses, where it modulates cell signaling pathways that influence inflammation and infection. Additionally, nectin-3 has been studied in the context of cancer, as altered expression levels have been observed in certain malignancies, potentially affecting tumor progression and metastasis. Research continues to explore its broader biological functions and potential as a therapeutic target.