nearlandlocked

A near-landlocked country is a nation that is almost entirely surrounded by land but has a narrow coastal strip or a single narrow waterway that provides access to the open sea. This geographical feature distinguishes it from fully landlocked states, which lack direct access to the ocean. The concept is often used in discussions about trade, logistics, and economic development, as coastal access can significantly influence a country’s ability to engage in maritime commerce and international shipping.

Near-landlocked countries typically rely on neighboring states with sea access to facilitate their trade. For example, a near-landlocked nation might depend on ports in adjacent countries to export goods, which can introduce logistical challenges such as higher transportation costs, customs delays, and potential geopolitical dependencies. Some well-known examples include Bolivia, which is bordered by Chile—a country that historically restricted its access to the Pacific Ocean—though recent diplomatic efforts have sought to address this issue. Similarly, Paraguay, surrounded by Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia, must rely on these neighbors for riverine and maritime trade.

The term is also relevant in discussions about infrastructure development and regional cooperation. Organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank often analyze the economic implications of near-landlocked status, emphasizing the need for improved transport networks, such as railways, roads, and riverine routes, to mitigate trade barriers. Some countries have sought to diversify their trade routes by investing in inland ports or negotiating transit agreements with coastal neighbors.

While near-landlocked countries face unique challenges, their strategic location can also offer advantages, such as serving as transit hubs for regional trade or benefiting from proximity to major economic zones. The distinction between near-landlocked and fully landlocked states highlights the importance of geography in shaping a nation’s economic and political relationships.