nanopartikelid

Nanopartikelid is a term used to describe particles in the nanometer size range, typically between 1 and 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. These particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their bulk counterparts due to their high surface area to volume ratio and quantum mechanical effects. The fabrication of nanoparticles can be achieved through various top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down methods involve breaking down larger materials into smaller ones, such as through milling or lithography. Bottom-up methods involve building nanoparticles from atomic or molecular precursors, like chemical synthesis or self-assembly. The applications of nanoparticles are diverse and span numerous fields. In medicine, they are explored for drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. In materials science, they are used to enhance the properties of existing materials or create novel ones with improved strength, conductivity, or catalytic activity. Environmental applications include water purification and catalysis for pollution control. Research into nanopartikelid continues to expand, driven by the potential to create advanced technologies and solve complex challenges.