nahainfektsioonide

Nail infections, also known as onychomycosis when affecting the nails themselves, are fungal, bacterial, or yeast infections that can occur in or around the fingernails or toenails. Fungal infections are the most common type and are often caused by dermatophytes, molds, or yeasts. They thrive in warm, moist environments, making toenails more susceptible due to the conditions inside shoes. Risk factors include age, excessive sweating, a history of athlete's foot, walking barefoot in damp public areas like gyms or pools, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of nail infections vary depending on the causative organism. Fungal infections often present as thickened, discolored (yellow, brown, or white), brittle, crumbly, or distorted nails. The nail may also separate from the nail bed. Bacterial infections can cause redness, swelling, pain, and pus formation around the nail. Yeast infections, typically affecting fingernails, can lead to inflammation and swelling of the skin around the nail, with the nail itself appearing discolored and potentially separating from the bed.

Diagnosis usually involves a visual examination and may require a sample of the affected nail to be sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination or culture to identify the specific pathogen. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. For fungal infections, over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medications, including topical creams, lacquers, or oral pills, may be used. In more severe cases, nail removal might be considered. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics, either topical or oral. Prompt treatment is recommended to prevent the spread of infection and further nail damage.